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Age Group Ways of Being Drawn In Effects of Abuse
0-1 year • Seeing it
• Hearing it
• Being awakened from sleep by it
• Being ripped out of mother’s
   arms by the batterer
• Having toys broken
• Being born prematurely
• Being hit while in mother’s arms
• Being thrown
• Physical injuries
• Death
• Fright
• Being traumatized
• Sleep disturbances
• Eating disturbances
• Being colicky or sick
• Being nervous, jumpy, crying a lot
• Insecurity from being cared for
   by a traumatized mother
2-4 years • Seeing it
• Hearing it
• Trying to stop altercation
• Becoming abused themselves
• Being used as a physical
   weapon against the victim
• Being interrogated by the
   batterer about the victim’s
   activities
• Being held hostage by the
   batterer
• Acting out violently
• Withdrawal
• Problems relating to other children
• Delayed toileting
• Eating problems
• Being nervous, jumpy
• Sleep problems
• Insecurity
• Fear
• Depression
5-12 years • Seeing and hearing it
• Picking one parent to defend
• Physically intervening
• Calling the police
• Running to a neighbor for help
• Being used as a spy by the
   batterer
• Being forced to participate in
   the attack against the victim
• Being physically and sexually
   abused as a way to control
   the mother
• Being restricted from contact
   with others
• Fear
• Insecurity, low self-esteem
• Withdrawal
• Depression
• Running away
• Early interest in alcohol or drugs
• School problems
• Bed-wetting
• Premature sexual activity
• Becoming caretaker of adults
• Becoming violent
• Developing problems to divert
   parents from fighting
• Being embarrassed by his/her family

Teen years

• Killing or trying to kill batterer
• Trying to stop abuse
• Hitting parents or siblings
• Becoming physically abused
• Being used as a spy
• Being used as confidant
• Being coerced by batterer to
   be abusive to mother
• School problems
• Social problems
• Shame and embarrassment about
   his/her family
• Sexual activity
• Tendency to get serious in
   relationships too early in order
   to escape home
• Truancy
Specific Effects on Teen Girls • Learning that male violence is
   normal
• Learning that women don’t
   get respect
• Possibly accepting violence in
   their own relationships
• Embarrassed about being
   female
• Becoming pregnant
• Becoming a super-achiever in school
• Depression
• Suicide
•·Alcohol and / or drug use
• Confusion about gender roles
• Becoming violent
• Eating disorders
Specific Effects on Teen Boys • Learning that males are violent
• Learning to be disrespectful of
   women
• Using violence in his own
   relationships
• Confusion or insecurity about
   being a man
• Attacking mother, father, or
   siblings
• Becoming super-achiever at school
• Depression
• Suicide
• Alcohol and / or drug use
• Confusion about gender roles
• Becoming violent